Burner



' Feb. 22, 1927.

J. T. M TARNAHAN BURNER Filed Aug. 15. 1925. 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 JNVENT RI Y Feb. 22, 1927. V

J. 'r. MOTARNAHAN Filed Aug. 15. 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR:

ATTORNEY Patented Fa. 22, 1927.

UNITE!) STATES The invention to be hereinafter described relates to burners for liquid fuel, and more particularly to burners forburning atomized fuel oil. I i

When the burner is in active firing position, its end projects somewhat into the combustion chamber heated by the burner, and

when the burner is'not firing. it should be withdrawn away fromthe combustion chamher, in order that the delivery end of the burner may not be subjected to the heat remaining in the combustion chamber and to prevent the carbonizationof residual fuel oil in the end portion of the burner.

One of the purposes of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a simple and efficient burner constructed and arranged so that it may be quickly and easily moved to.

and from its active firing position. In carrying this feature into practical effect, in the present instance, the burner comprises a gun and a vsupport having passages for the fuel and passages for the atomizing fluid which may be air under pressure or steam. The gun is connected by a rocker with the support, the construction being such that.

the gun may be readily .moved to its active firing position by pushing the gun forwardly, and it may be retreated away from firing;

position by pulling the gun rearwardly. Iii the course of these movements the gun is guided and controlled by the rocker whlch moves to opposite sides of a dead center posi-..

tion, so that when the gun is in operative and inoperative positions, it will tend to remain in such positions under the influence of gravity. I n

Another purpose. of the invention 1s to provide a valve for the fuel conducting passage of. the gun constructed and arranged to be automatically opened when the gun is in firing position. and to be automatically closed when the gun is retreated from this position, thereby to prevent any back drip of the fuel.

For efficient combustion of the fuel oil it is essential that it shall be thoroughly broken up or atomized, and that suflicient oxygen shall be supplied to the atomized oil. It is important that unconsumcd particles of fuel shall not be depositedand accumulate. in the combustion chamber near the delivery end of the nozzle of the burner.

To promote eflicient combustion of the PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN T. MOTARNAHAN, 015 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO JOHN T. NOTAR- NAHAN, INC.', 01 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

BURNER.

Application filea'au ustis, 1925. Serial No. 50,384.

fuel oil it is given a whirl as it leaves the burner and the atomizing fluid is divided into two streams which whirl in opposite directions as they leave theburner. One of these streams whirls in the same general direction as the fuel oil and on meeting the same breaks it up into a fine spray, but does not supply suflicient air to complete the combustion of the fuel oil. The othen stream of atomizing fluid whirls in a direction opposite to the whirl of the fuel oil and is effective further to break up \and atomize the fuel oil and complete the combustion thereof.

With the aforesaid and other purposes in view, the character of the invention may be best understood by reference to the following description of one good form thereof shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

I Fig. 1 is a side' elevation of a burner embodying the invention, thegun being shown by full lines in active firing position and by dotted lines in its retreated'position;

Fig. 2 is a rear end elevation of the burner shown in Fig. '1; i

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on line 33 of Fig. 2;

'Fig. 4= is a longitudinal section through an end portion of the nozzle;

Fig. 5 is a view looking toward the end of the nozzle; and

Fig.6, is a transverse section taken on line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Referring to the drawings, the burner shown therein as one good form of the invention, comprises a support which may be in the form of a pipe section 1 adapted for connection with the pipe for conducting the atomizing fluid from a suitable source of supply. The feed of the fluid through the pipe section 1 may be regulated by a butterfly valve 3- on a' shaft 5 having a handle -7.

- 'The pipe section 1 has an extension 9 progeneral appearance of a pistol grip. Threaded to the forward end of the barrel 23 is a nozzle 27 of substantial length. The lower end of the breech is formed to set on the seat 19 of the pipe section 1.

Within the gun is a fuel conducting tube 29 having a curved portion 31 in the breech. The lower end of this tube in the breech communicates with a counterbore 33 having fitted therein a valve housing 35 formed to provide a valve seat 37 adapted to set on the gasket 17 referred to. Cooperating with the valve seat is a ball valve 39 urged by a coil spring 41 toward said seat. A pin 43 extends through the fuel port 11 and the duct 13, and has an end substantially flush with the top of the gasket 17. The shank 45 of the pin is threaded into a bore in the extension 9. The construction is such that when the gun is seated on the support, the pin 43 will hold the ball valve 39 off from the valve seat 37 against the opposition of the coil spring 41, and thereby permit the fuel to be fed from the port 11 through the duct 13 and the valve housing 35 to the passage in the tube 31. On the other hand, when the gun is moved away from its support, the coil spring 41 will be effective automatically to move the ball valve to its seat and hold the same thereon, and thus prevent any residual fuel in the tube 29 from dripping out therefrom through the valve housing. I

The fuel conducting tube 29 is substantially smaller than the barrel and the breech,.

and leaves a passage 47 for conducting the atomizing fluid from the pipe section 1 to the nozzle.

A handle 49 is secured to and projects from the breech, and is adapted to be grasped in moving the gun to and from its active firing position. To facilitate these movements and guide the gun, a pair of links 51 are provided having upper ends pivotally connected to pins 53 threaded into bosses projecting from the breech, and having their lower ends pivotally connected by pins 55 to bosses projecting from the support. These links constitute a rocker or carrier for the gun, and their disposition is such that when the gun is seated in active firing position on the support. the links will be inclined forward from the support pins 55, as indicated by full lines in Fig. 1. and when the gun is retreated from its firing position. the links will incline rearward from the support pins 55, as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. To support the gun in its retreated position, the links 51 may engageabutments 59 on the support bosses. A J

The construction and arrangement are such that gravity will tend to hold the gun in its active firing position and in its retreated position. It is desirable to provide means releasably to secure the gun in its active firing position. This means, in the present instance, comprises a yoke 61 which straddles the gun and has lower ends pivotally connected by pins 63 with the support extension 9 referred to. Threaded in the upper end of the yoke is a screw 65 pro vided with a hand wheel 67. The locking position of the yoke is determined by en gagcinent of the yoke with the bosses receiving the breech pins 53. After the gun has been shifted to its firing position, the yoke is rocked until it is brought into engageinent with said bosses, and then the hand wheel 67 is turned to cause the screw to engage a projection 69 on the breech, and press the breech toward the support, and cause the end of the valve housing tobe pressed into tight leak preventing engagement with the gasket 17. The tightening of this screw will also press the lower end of the breech tightly against the seat 1.9 at the top of the support. When it is desired to retreat the gun from its firing position, the hand wheel is turned to withdrawthe screw 65 from the projection (39, and then the yoke is rocked forwardly as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1. This releases. the gun, and then the handle 19 may be grasped to pull the gun rearward until the rocker 51 is limited by engagement of the links with the abutments 59.

Theoil tube 29 referred to, has a counterbore 71 receiving a tube 73 whichli'as a tapped end 75 threaded into the tube 29.

Mounted on the tube 73 is a cup or tube 77 which is rotatable on ball bearings 79 interposed between the cup and the tube 73. The ball bearings are spaced by a sleeve 81, and are held on the tube by a nut 83. The delivery end portion. of the cup has a tapered surface flaring outwardly. A cap 87 is threaded to an internal flange 89 on the cup, and a lateral aperture 91 and the end 93 of the cap direct the fuel leaving the tube outwardly to the tapered surface 85 of the cup.

To rotate the cup it is provided with a turbine 95 having vanes oblique to the axis of rotation of the cup, and so disposed that the atomizing fluid passing between the vanes will cause the turbine and the cup to rotate in a contra-clockwise direction looking toward the left of Fig. 3. Threaded on the tube 29 is a spider 97 having feet projecting therefrom to the inner surface 99 of the nozzle, said spider being formed to direct the atomizing fluid to the turbine.

Surrounding the tube 73 referred to, is an annular passage 101 having one end communicating with a neck 103 receiving an oil cup 105. The opposite end of the annular passage communicates with a duct 107 leading to the ball bearings. The heavy fuel oil is heated prior to reachin the burner to increase the fluidity thereof? and I therefore, when it passes through the tube 73, heat will be conducted therefrom to the annular passage 101, and thereby warm the lubricant for the ball bearings, and facilitate its ready feed to said bearings. The fuel oil is conducted through the tubes 29 and 3 and is directed by the lateral aperture and the end 93 of the ca to the inner tapered surface of the cup. t passes thence along said surface to the delivery end of the cup. The latter is "rotated at high speed by the atomizing fluid passing between the vanes of the turbine through the annular space between the cup and the nozzle. The centrifugal force developed by rotationof the cup causes the fuel oil to be delivered therefrom in the form of a stream which has a whirl -in a contra-clockwise direction.

The turbine causes the atomizing fluid also to whirl in a contra-clockwise direction. The friction between the outer surface of the rotating cup and the annular stream of atomizing fluid close to said surface, promotes the whirl of said stream in the contraclockwise direction. This stream on leaving the cup meets whirling fuel and breaks up the same into a fine spray, but this stream doe-s not supply sufficient oxygen to complete the combustion of the fuel. If the combustion is not complete particles of oil unconsumed adjacent the end of the burner will drop and accumulate in the combustion chamber served by the burner.

To obviate this condition the nozzle is formed to provide airifling or grooves 109 of substantial length and tapered gradually with theirgreatest depths at the end of the nozzle. These'grooves extend obliquely in' respect to the axis of the nozzle and iii-a direction opposite to the obliquity of the turbine vanes. The annular stream of atomizing fluid passing along the inner surface of thenozzle is caused. by the rifling to receive a whirl in .afclockwise direction and opposite to the direction of hirl of the fuel and the annular stream 0 atomizing fluid passing'close to the outer surface of the rotating cup. The clockwise whirling fluid stream on leaving the nozzle will meet the contra-clockwise whirling stream of fuel oil and atomizing fluid and further atomize the fuel oil and supply sufiicient air to the fuel spray to insure proper combustion;

The objectionable dropping'and accumulation of unconsumed particles of fuel in the combustion chamber near the burner are eliminated.

The rifling feature is disclosed and claimed in my copending application Serial No. 124,374. filed July 23,1926. 1

It will be noted that the barrel 23, butt 25, fuel conducting tube 29, and the lubricant conducting neck 103 are parts of one integral piece or casting, and therefore, are

Since the nozzle is threaded to the barrel, it can be removed easily therefrom and others can be substituted therefor when required. I

It will be understood. that the. invention is not limited to the.sp c-ific embodiment shown, and that various deviations may be made therefrom without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

-lVl1at is claimed is:

strong in construction and cheap to make.

1. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in

combination, a support having fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages, a gun having fuel and atomizing fluid passages respectively for communication with the fuel and'atomizing fluid passages of the support,

means connecting the gun and support for guiding the gun to and from firing position, and a yoke pivotally connected to the support and receiving the gun) and having means cooperating therewith for releasably securing the gun in its operative position.

2. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a support having a seat and fuel and atomizing fluid conducting pas- 1 sages opening at said seat, a gun having fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages re- .spectively for communication with the fuel and atomizing fluid. passages of the support,

and a rocker connected to the support and the gun permitting the gun to be rocked toand from said seat.

'- 3. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a support having a seat and fuel and atomizir'lg' fluid c'onductin passages opening at said seat; a gun aving in one integral piece, a barrel vwitha butt for engagement with said seat and a fuel conducting tube in the barrel smaller than the latter to provide an atomizing fluid conducting. 'assage between the tube and the barrel; tie tube and fluid conducting passage of the gun being adapted respectively for registration with the fuel and atomizing fluid passages of the support, and a rocker connected to the support and gun permitting the gun to be rocked to move its butt to and from the seat.

4. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a support having fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages, a pistol like gun having in one integral piece, a barrel with a butt projecting transversely to the barrel and adaptedfor engagement with said support and fuel and atomizing fluid conils ducting passages. extending through the barrel-and butt and opening at the end of the butt and adapted respectively for com-' munication with the fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages of the support and means connected to the support and gun for guiding the gun to and from active firing position on the support.

5. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in

atomizing fluid conducting passages; a gun having a barrel with a butt for engagement 4 with said support, and fuel and atomizmg fluid conducting passages extending through the barrel to the end of the butt and adapted for registration with the fuel and aton'iizing fluid conducting passages of the support; means connecting the support and gun for guiding the latter to and from active firing position on the support, and valve means carried by the butt for automatically closing the fuel passage of the gun to prevent drip of fuel from said passage when the gun is moved away from its firing position on the support.

6. A burner for liquid 'fuel comprising, in combination, a support having fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages; a gun having a barrel with a butt for engagement with said support and fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages respectively for communication with the fuel and atomizing fluid passages of the support; .rocker means pivotally connected to the support and gun for guiding the gun in movement to and from the support, and a yoke pivotally connected to the support straddling the gun and having means cooperating therewith for securing the gun in firing position on the support. v v

7. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in combination, a support having fuel and" atomizing fluid conducting passages; a gun having a barrel with a butt for engagement with said support and fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages respectively for communication with the fuel and atomizing fluid passages of the support, a rocker connected to the support and gun for guiding the same in its movements to and away from the support, and means cooperating with the rocker for limiting movement of the gun away from the support.

8. A burner for liquid fuel comprising, in

combination, a support having fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages; a gun having fuel and atomizing fluid conducting passages respectively for communication with the fuel and atomizing fluid passages of the support, and a rocker connected to the support and gun permitting the gun to be rocked to active position on the support and to inactive position, said rocker being so disposed that gravity tends to hold the gun in said posit-ions.

JOHN T. MQTARNAHAN. 

